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Phosphate beneficiation is to maximize the separation and removal of impurity minerals and improve the grade and quality of phosphate ore. Phosphate is widely used in the fertilizer industry, aviation, food, medical, defense and other sectors.How to enrich phosphate ore which prompts the innovation and development of phosphate processing process and processing equipment.
Most phosphate ore have the lower hardness that is easy to crush. Therefore, usually uses two stage a closed circuit or two opening crushing. The jaw crusher is used for coarse crushing, cone crusher is used for secondary crushing, and then round vibrating screen and linear vibrating screen are generally used for screening equipment.
Phosphate has high grindability, so adopt a closed-circuit or two stage a closed-circuit grinding process. In general, conventional ball mill (grid type ball mill or overflow type ball mill) has great energy consumption, large steel consumption and high grinding cost.
Common phosphate processing process include scraping-desliming process, heavy medium separation process, flotation process, gravity separation-magnetic separation-flotation process, roasting-digestion process, microbiological treatment process, dry electrostatic separation and magnetic coating process. In general, adopts flotation process and heavy medium separation-flotation process in phosphate processing process.
Direct flotation process can remove siliceous gangue, so it is often used in silica-phosphate.
Reverse flotation process can remove calcium (magnesium) gangue, so it can be used to treat sedimentary calcium (magnesium) phosphate rock;
Direct-reverse flotation and double reverse flotation process can beneficiate phosphate minerals by eliminating silicate minerals and carbonate minerals, which can handle refractory sedimentary type silicon calcium (magnesium) phosphate rock;
Stage floatation process can be used to process collophanite with fine gangue minerals and phosphite. The grade of phosphorus concentrate can reach 30%~ 40%, and recovery rate is up to 75%~ 90%.
Common floatation cells are self-induced mechanical agitation type, air-inflation mechanical agitation type, air-lift flotation cell. At present, various flotation equipment are developed with full specifications (applied in the large, medium and small plant), high operation efficiency, low maintenance rate, low energy consumption and good flotation index, which greatly reduce the flotation costs.
This phosphate processing process is widely used in the separation of silicon calcareous phosphate ore. Phosphorus concentrate grade reaches 30%~41% and phosphorus recovery rate is up to 75%~ 90%. Heavy medium separation has low cost and small environmental pollution. Heavy medium separation can discharge most tailings, which greatly reduce flotation agents and equipment and save ore dressing cost.
Usually adopt heavy medium cyclone and jig as heavy medium separation equipment and various flotation equipment. The common heavy medium includes silicon iron, magnetite, pyrite and so on. There is various diaphragm jig, sawtooth wave jig and flotation cell that can provide the most suitable equipment for all kinds of phosphate ore separation, and achieve the best separation indexes.
The above is the aspect of the extraction of phosphate. In the actual production, please carry out the mineral processing test first, then decide the method used for the extraction of phosphate in a scientific and reasonable way, thus getting the ideal mineral processing index.
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